Which of the following is not typically considered a social determinant of health?

• A. Transportation
• B. Literacy
• C. Trauma history
• D. Genetic predisposition

Answer: (D)

Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, plus the social systems that shape daily life. Transportation affects whether someone can reach care, groceries, or safe environments, so it directly influences health outcomes. Literacy shapes a person’s ability to read instructions, understand health information, and navigate the healthcare system, which in turn affects care and adherence. Trauma history reflects environmental and social experiences that influence stress, coping, and long-term health risks. Genetic predisposition, on the other hand, is about inherited biology—risk levels determined by genes rather than social conditions. It can interact with the environment, but it is not a social determinant.